| 30 x 32 AIAG Footprint |
30" x 32" footprint, as specified by the Automotive
Industry Action Group. Used as the standard pallet or bulk container
footprint for use in the automotive industry. Containers are sized to
efficiently maximize the pallet. |
| 40 x 48 GMA Footprint |
48" x 40" footprint, as specified by the Grocery
Manufacturers of America. Used as the standard pallet or bulk container
footprint in the food industry. Containers are sized to efficiently
maximize the pallet. This pallet footprint was devised to maximize space
in 48' and 53' trailers and some ocean containers. |
| 45 x 48 AIAG Footprint |
45" x 48" footprint, as specified by the Automotive
Industry Action Group. Used as the standard pallet or bulk container
footprint in the automotive industry. Containers are sized to efficiently
maximize the pallet. This pallet footprint was devised to maximize space
in 48' and 53' trailers. |
| Antimicrobial |
Antimicrobial protection seeks to inhibit the growth of
bacteria and mold that can cause stains, odors and product
deterioration. |
| AS/RS |
"Automated Storage and Retrieval System" A distribution
method used by many manufacturers. |
| Automated guided vehicle (AGV) |
Provide robotic transport of goods throughout a variety
of manufacturing and specialty environments. |
| Bulk Container |
Bulk containers are used for transporting large volumes
of materials, heavy parts or large "bulky" parts in assembly,
work-in-process, storage applications. They accommodate a wide variety of
products, ranging from textiles to heavy automotive parts. Bulk containers
are available in collapsible, straight-wall and nestable styles. Custom
interior dunnage can be designed to further protect the product being
shipped. |
| Cardholder |
Identification holder used on hand-held, bulk containers
or racking systems. Accommodates identification and inventory cards. |
| Cellular Manufacturing |
Manufacturing approach with work centers that have total
capabilities needed to produce an item or group of similar items.
Contrasts with those in which an item moves through multiple work centers
to completion. |
| Class A |
Used primarily in the automotive industry, any product
designated as visible to the occupant of a vehicle. |
| Closed-Loop |
A well-defined circuit of shipping and delivery points.
Indicates that the loops of the supply chain are closed, allowing reusable
packaging to travel back and forth. This closed circuit is critical so the
containers and pallets that flow through the supply chain do not get
misdirected or lost. |
| Collapsible Container |
Stackable hand-held or bulk container with hinged
sidewalls that fold in to collapse, after use or when empty, to occupy
less space in storage or return transport. Offers efficient KD or
"knock-down" ratio. Available in hand-held and bulk containers
styles. |
| Compression-Molding |
Compression molding consists of a two piece mold which
provides a cavity having the shape of the desired molded part. Depending
on the type of material used, either molten thermoplastic material is
placed in a cooled mold or thermoset material is place in a heated mold.
Once the appropriate amount of molding material is loaded into the lower
half of the mold the two parts of the mold are brought together under
pressure. The compound is compressed into a continuous mass that is held
until it can be removed without distortion when the mold is opened. |
| Conductive Material |
ORBIS' XL material is a conductive material that is a
thermoplastic polypropylene material based upon carbon black. Surface
resistance of less than 1.0 x 10 4 ohms or a surface resistivity of less
than 1.0 x 10 5 ohms/square. The electrical properties are permanent and
unaffected by washing. |
| Container |
See hand-held or bulk container. |
| Conversion |
The process of implementing plastic reusable packaging
for total cost savings across a supply chain. Usually replaces corrugated
boxes and wood pallets. |
| Cost Justification |
Cost/benefit analysis used by companies when
implementing reusable packaging to compare costs and demonstrate savings
over the life of the packaging. |
| CPG |
Consumer goods packaging company. |
| Creep |
The dimensional change with time of a material under
load, following the initial instantaneous elastic deformation. |
| Cross-Docking Facility |
A shared center/warehouse that is used to consolidate
shipments from various suppliers. Product can be sorted and staged prior
to going to the appropriate manufacturer, based on their production
levels. Cross docking facilities are highly integrated with inventory
needs, to deliver product only when needed. Eliminates idle inventory and
unnecessary storage at the manufacturer. |
| Custom Interior Dunnage |
Custom designed and fabricated protective packaging that
is used inside a container, in a rack or on a pallet to further protect
product being shipped. Can be constructed of foam, fabric or plastic.
Sometimes referred to as "dunnage" or "inserts". Can be returnable,
reusable or expendable. |
| Cycle Time |
The amount of time needed to finish one cycle of an
operation. Please note: cycle time is not the same as takt time. Takt time
is the time allowed to produce one of a product at the rate the customer
demands. When cycle time equals takt time, products are made in
Single-Piece Flow. |
| Distribution |
Refers to the movement of products within a supply
chain, from supplier to manufacturer, manufacturer to distribution center
(DC), distribution center to retail outlet or retail directly to the
consumer. |
| Divider Sheet |
An extruded 100% plastic sheet used between layers of
product being shipped on a pallet. Available in multiple footprints to
match the pallet and top frame being used. Acts to protect product and
stabilize the pallet load. |
| Dunnage |
See Custom Interior Dunnage. |
| Electronic Discharge |
A transfer of electrostatic charge between bodies at
different electrostatic potentials caused by direct contact or induced by
an electrostatic field. ORBIS offers training in the principles of
electrostatic discharge and how ORBIS containers combat static
electricity. Also called "ESD". |
| Ergonomics |
An applied science concerned with the characteristics of
people that need to be considered in designing and arranging things that
they use in order that people and things will interact in the most
effective and safest manner. |
| ESD-Protective |
Containers manufactured in ESD-protective materials
protect its contents from static electricity and electrostatic damage.
These materials are designed to absorb the charge and pass it to the
ground, bypassing the contents of the containers and reducing costly
product damage. |
| Expendable Packaging |
One-time use packaging. Requires disposal after one
trip. |
| Exterior Dimensions |
The longest, widest and highest OUTSIDE dimensions to
define the total space occupied by the packaging. |
| External Cube |
The space a container requires for storage, determined
by the footprint x height. |
| Extrusion |
Extrusion is defined as the act of shaping a material by
forcing it through a die by using a screw extruder. Extrusion is employed
in the production of film, pipe, sheet, profiles and coatings on wire,
paper and other substrates. |
| FDA Material Colors |
These material ingredients, used in the manufacture of
finished goods, are approved as safe for direct contact applications with
food. These materials have been tested and verified by the FDA and are
listed in 21 Code of Federal Regulations. |
| Flexible Manufacturing System |
A manufacturing system that enables the production of a
variety of items, in small quantities, at a low cost per unit.
Characteristics of a flexible manufacturing system are often quick
changeover and rapid response time. |
| Footprint |
The area on a surface covered by something. Usually base
measurements on outer base of length and width (i.e. 48" x 45" or 12" x
15") |
| Footprint |
The projected area upon a horizontal plane describing
the outermost dimensions of length and width of a pallet, container or
container system. |
| Gaylord |
Large bulk container used to store and transport
materials. |
| Gravity Conveyors |
A non-powered conveyor which moves material forward at a
straight decline, down a spiral path or with slight manual assistance,
horizontally. |
| Hand-Held Container |
Containers that an operator can pick up and carry to a
workstation or assembly line. Both the weight of the container and its
contents are manageable for one person to safely and comfortably handle,
carry and use. |
| Hazard Analysis of Critical Control Points (HAACP) |
The Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points (HACCP)
regulation is used to eliminate hazards in biotechnology, pharmaceutical,
medical device, food and beverage, seafood and dairy processing
facilities. Used to secure the safety of food products during production,
processing, packaging, storage and transport. Selected reusable plastic
packaging and pallets are designed to comply with HACCP requirements and
offer optimum hygiene, due to controlled raw materials, controlled
production and easy cleaning. |
| Hot stamp |
Heat transferred, permanent identification stamp for
plastic containers and pallets. Can be customized according to the user's
specifications. Allows for easy visual inventory management and
facilitates delivery to appropriate destination, as well as return to the
appropriate source. |
| Injection-Molding |
Plastic is injected, under pressure, into a closed
cavity mold. The material is cooled to ensure that it maintains the exact
shape of the mold. This process produces a solid wall, solid core
part. |
| Inside Dimensions |
The inside length, width and height dimensions of a
given package. |
| Internal Cube |
The useful area inside a container, determined by width
x depth x height. |
| ISO Certification |
The designation a manufacturing company receives when
they meet the ISO (International Standards Organization) requirements in
their industry. It ensures that high-quality products will be provided, on
a consistent and accurate basis. Requires periodic formal audits and
renewal. |
| Just-In-Time |
Just-In-Time production system operates on the premise
that product will be delivered, "just in time" for assembly or finishing.
Frequent deliveries of small quantities on time. It seeks to consolidate
the number of suppliers and reduce the distance between supplier and final
destination. |
| Kaizen |
The philosophy of continual improvement. Kaizen supports
the idea that there is always room for improvement even if substantial
improvement has just occurred. |
| Kanban |
When a card or sheet or other tool is used to authorize
production or movement of an item. |
| Knockdown (KD) Collapsible Container |
See Collapsible Container. |
| Lean Manufacturing Philosophy |
An English termed coined to describe the Japanese
manufacturing philosophy of continually reducing waste throughout the
workflow in order to increase productivity and profitability. Emphasizes
total system efficiency, continuous improvement, value added activity and
respect for people. |
| Lean Packaging |
The role of reusable packaging in a lean environment. It
is a strong catalyst towards practicing lean principles in an
operation |
| Life Cycle |
A sequence of stages spanning the lifetime of a product,
process, service, facility, or enterprise, from inception to final use and
disposition. Could include extraction, acquisition, manufacturing, reuse
and disposal.) |
| Life Cycle Costs |
Financial impacts associated with life cycle stages of a
material, product, process, service, facility or enterprise. |
| Load Capacity: Dynamic |
The number of pounds a pallet will efficiently and
safely hold in a dynamic application. |
| Load Capacity: Static |
The number of pounds a pallet will efficiently and
safely hold in a static application. |
| Logistics |
Activities to move incoming materials and distribute
finished products to the proper place, at the desired time and in the
optimal quantities. |
| Materials Handling |
Process of developing and implementing manual,
mechanized and automated systems to move product and materials throughout
a facility or supply chain. |
| Materials Management |
The collaborative management functions that support the
complete cycle of material flow. Begins with the design and purchase of
the product/material and continues with the work-in-process, warehousing,
shipping and distribution activities required to output it in is finished
state. |
| Modularity |
Constructed with standardized units or dimensions, for
maximum flexibility. |
| Modularity |
A subset of a footprint. In a palletized load, those
smaller containers, which when fitted together, form a unit load. |
| Nest Ratio |
The ability of a container or pallet to nest inside one
another, when empty. Reduces return transportation costs and improves
storage space utilization. Indicated in a ratio (i.e. 3:1) |
| Nestable, with Bail |
Drafted container with metal or plastic "bail". When the
bail is engaged, containers can stack atop each other. The bail is open,
they nest in each other. |
| Nest-Only, with Attached Lid |
Drafted containers that fit inside each other when
empty, or on top of each with an attached or detached lid. When nested,
they partially fit inside one another without damaging or distorting
either one. Offers a nest ratio. |
| OEM |
Original equipment manufacturer |
| Optimization |
See Supply Chain Optimization. |
| Outsourcing |
External contracting of services. Can include
transportation, logistics, container management or manufacturing. |
| Pallet |
Flat, durable, portable platform used to support,
transport and store all types of different containers and product.
Reusable plastic pallets are lightweight, reusable and recyclable and are
available in a wide variety of footprints. Nestable pallets are generally
used in distribution applications, because of their favorable nest ratio
for reduced return transportation costs and better storage. Rackable
pallets are used in static rack storage and work-in-process applications,
because of their high load capacity and rackability. Stackable pallets are
used in general work-in-process and static storage. Allows pallet loads to
be stacked atop another pallet load. |
| Polyethylene (PE) |
Polyethylene (PE) is one of the most widely used plastic
materials and offers excellent chemical resistance, easy of
manufacturability, strength, toughness and durability. PE is suited for
typical manufacturing environments as the material remains stable at
temperatures encountered in cold winters (below 0 degrees) and hot summers
(just over 120 degrees F). At temperatures exceeding 120 degrees F, the
material becomes rubbery, thereby reducing the strength properties. |
| Polypropylene (PP) |
Polypropylene (PP) is in the same family as polyethylene
(PE). This plastic materials offers excellent chemical resistance and ease
of manufacturability that remain similar to PE. PP's advantages over PE
includes its great stiffness and elevated use temperature. Depending on
the application, PP materials can retain strength at temperatures up to
150 degrees F. |
| Pull System |
A production system in which items are manufactured
based on actual real-time needs from downstream operations (final assembly
or equivalent) |
| Push System |
A production system in which items are manufactured
based on theoretical or forecasted needs of downstream operations. |
| Push-Pull Device |
An attachment added to a standard forklift that allows
product loads on slip sheets to be pulled onto its solid plate, for easy
transport and movement around a warehouse or distribution center. For more
information, visit www.cascorp.com. |
| Push-Pull Point |
The point on the supply chain where the switch from
"push" to "pull" is evident. |
| Q1 Certification |
Designated by Ford Motor Company as having high levels
of quality in products and services that deliver sustained continuous
improvement to Ford and its suppliers. |
| Rackable Pallet |
Rackable pallets are designed for static storage in
racking systems. They can offer unsupported rack capacities up to 3,000
lbs. |
| Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) |
Systems that read or write data to RF tags that are
present in a radio frequency field projected from RF reading/writing
equipment. Data may be contained in one (1 ) or more bits for the purpose
of providing identification and other information relevant to the object
to which the tag is attached. |
| Returnable Packaging |
See Reusable Packaging. |
| Returnable plastic container (RPC) |
See Container. |
| Reusable Packaging |
Containers, pallets and protective interior dunnage that
are designed for reusability and/or returnability in a given application.
Plastic packaging offers durable, lightweight properties, and fully
recyclable at the end of its useful life. |
| ROI |
Return on investment. Reusable packaging has an ROI of 6
- 18 months, depending on application. |
| Rotation-Molding |
Powdered plastic resin is placed into a mold. The
product is formed as the resin fuses from the centrifugal force on the
heated mold while spinning at a very high rate of speed. |
| Seat Belt System |
Used for efficient, stable stacking and transport of
full pallet loads. The seat belt retractor is placed on the pallet and the
buckle is placed on the top cap. Can be placed on 2 or 4 sides and
eliminates the need for stretch wrapping or banding. |
| Security Holes |
Openings located on both the container and the lid for
plastic ties, which secure the internal contents of the container from
theft and damage. |
| Self-Guided Vehicles (SGVs) |
Self-guided automated vehicles that bring materials from
the loading docks to assembly lines, with the use of on-board
intelligence. Enables improved material tracking because the intelligence
is located at the vehicle. |
| Six-Sigma |
At many organizations it is a measure of quality that
strives for near perfection. Six Sigma is a disciplined, data-driven
approach and methodology for eliminating defects (driving towards six
standard deviations between the mean and the nearest specification limit)
in any process -- from manufacturing to transactional and from product to
service. |
| Slip Sheet |
A flat plastic sheet, available in varying thicknesses,
placed beneath a load of product to easily move loads in a warehousing or
distribution application. Used primarily in systems that utilize forkifts
equipped with a push/pull device. Slip Sheets have one to four tabs that
run the length of the sheet. These tabs bend to create easy-to-grasp edges
that are "pulled" by the push/pull device. Can be used with or without a
pallet, and performance characteristics will vary by application. |
| Stackbase |
In an retail environment, 4x4 display base that is used
in other free-standing environments. |
| Stackbase End Unit |
In an retail environment, the end cap unit that is used
at the floor level. |
| Stack-N-Nest |
Containers that stack when full or with a cover, and
nest when empty. Or, when rotated 180 degrees to each other, these
containers can be stack on top of another. When not rotated, they nest
inside each other. |
| Static Dissipative Material |
ORBIS' LS material is a polypropylene material that is
on the upper end of the dissipative range. Surface resistance of great
than or equal to 1.0 x 10 8 ohms but less than 1.0 x 10 11 or a surface
resistivity greater than or equal to 1.0 x 10 9 ohms/square but less than
1.0 x 10 12 ohms/square. Electrical properties are affected by humidity
and material has a shelf life of 5 years. |
| Storage |
Refers to the holding of product at a specific location,
for anticipated use in production. |
| Straight-Wall, Stack-Only or Stackable |
Straight-wall containers that can be placed on top of
each other. The bottom of the first container rests on the top, outer rim
of the second container. Containers fits securely with another without
damaging or distorting the containers or contents. |
| Structural Foam-Molding |
Plastic and nitrogen gas are injected into a closed
cavity mold. The part is cooled to create the exact shape of the mold. The
combined use of these materials create a cellular core that forms a solid
skin. |
| Supply Chain |
A well-defined network of shipping and delivery points
within a certain industry, from raw material manufacturer to the consumer.
Consists of various loops between different points on the chain. Also
referred to as the value chain. The supply chain is typically comprised of
multiple collaborating companies that design, produce, deliver and service
the goods. Recognizes all activities associated with the flow and
transformation of goods, from raw material to end-user. |
| Supply Chain Management |
The science of integrating the flow of goods and
information from initial sourcing all the way through to delivery to the
end user. Key activities within this end-to-end process include
purchasing, production planning, order processing and fulfillment,
inventory management, transportation, distribution, and customer service.
|
| Supply Chain Optimization |
The aggressive and continuous process of seeking optimal
resource allocation and operational practices to result in supply chain
efficiency. Usually results in reduced costs over time, due to reduced
labor costs, less waste and streamlined operations. |
| Thermoforming: Single Sheet |
A sheet of plastic is heated, then drawn by vacuum over
a mold. The vacuum is used to create definition to the final part. |
| Thermoforming: Twin Sheet |
Two sheets of plastic are heated, then drawn by vacuum
over a separate molds, then fused together through pressure to form a
structural double walled part. |
| Third-Party Logistics provider (3PL) |
A outsourced service provider of production,
transportation and warehousing functions of a business. Companies that
outsource these competencies enter alliances with core service providers.
These services range in usage, including inbound transportation, container
management or inventory management. This provider negotiates pricing and
service, based on guaranteed volume. |
| Top Cap |
Top Caps are placed on top on a palletized container
load to permit stacking of one pallet load of containers on top of
another. It allows loads to be securely stacked and offers uniform
distribution of weight to prevent contamination and product damage. |
| Top Frame |
Top Frames have a similar function to Top Caps, but are
designed as an open frame. This frame is placed on top on a palletized
container load to permit stacking of one pallet load of containers on top
of another. It is a unit stabilizer that offers uniform distribution of
weight to prevent contamination and product damage. Usually used in the
beverage and food industry. |
| Tote |
See Container. |
| UL-Listed/Classified |
A product approved by Underwriters Laboratory. |
| Value-Added |
Perceived or estimated value that is added to a product
or material at each stage of its manufacture or distribution. |
| Velocity |
The speed at which product travels through a supply
chain. |
| Waste |
Anything that consumes resources but does not add value
to a product. According to Shigeo Shingo, there are seven types of waste:
excess or early production, delays, movement/transport, poor process
design, inventory/work in process, defective items and inefficiency of a
process. |
| Work-in-process (WIP) |
Refers to the storage, transportation and processing of
items within a single operation. In this application, reusable packaging
can be used to process its contents, including assembly or picking. |
| Property of ORBIS Corporation
2006 |
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